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(No Model.) v s sheets-sheet' 1; C. J. LONNING. WINDMILL'.

NO- 498,068- A l Patented May 2s, 189s.

f4 J3 f ff 5J 5 9 7lmfr- 2. t nu e h s. e e h s 3 nu m- L. Nu NM 0D LN IJW C. n. d 0 M 0 m No. 498,088. Patented May 28, 1898.

(N0 Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3L G. J.'L'0NNING.

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' is journaled the main upright shaft S. The

' be of any desired material and connected by UNITED l STATES PmruiwrOFFICE.

CHRIST J.=LONNING, OF NEVADA, IOWA.

WINDM'ILL.

SPEIIIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 498.068, dated May2.3, 1893.

Application tiled November 10, 1892, Serial No. 451,544. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that l, CHRIST J .'LONNING, a citizen of the United States,land a resident of Nevada, Story county, State of Iowa, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Windmills; and my preferredmanner of carrying out the invention is set forth in the following full,clear, and exact description, terminating with claims particularlyspecifying the novelty. Y

This invention relates to wind-wheels, and more especially of that classin which the wheel stands in a horizontal plane; and the object of thesame is t-o produce certain irnprovements in the wheel and in themechanism for throwing its blades into and'out of operative position, aswell as to improve the details of construction.

To this end the invention consists in a device constructedsubstantially'as hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and asillustrated on the accompanying drawings whereinv Figure l is a frontelevation of the wheel, and a vertical section of the tower. Fig. 2 is aperspective detail of the parts ofthe towerhead. Fig. 3 is an elevation(partly in section) of the main shaft with` the trippers and the arms ofthe wheel removed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the governor and wheel. Fig.5 is a perspective detail, showing one pair of arms, the blade therein,the tripper as'raised in full lines, and the tripper-leverin fulllines ipasses through and is journaled in .the two cross-shaped blocks,extending below for some as about to cause thedescent of the tripper,the latter being alsoshown in dotted lines as down to engage the blade.

In the said drawings, the letter T designates the tower having apeculiar head H wherein latter carries the wind-wheel W and regulator R,and is connected by gearing G with the pump-rod or other mechanism vtobe driven by the wheel. These parts will now bede scribed separately. f

The tower T.-The numerals 1 designate preferably four upright postsorlegs converging toward their upper ends, and suitably braced bydiagonal strips 2. The parts may bolting or otherwise. Diagonally acrosswithl'distance as shown.

in the framework thus formed is located a horizontal bar through whichreciprocates the pump-rod'l o r rod which is to drive the machinery.Across between the legs, and

jabove this bar 3, are two other bars 5 connected by a cross -bar 6through which also the pump-rod moves; and the regulator wire 9 may alsopass through both the bars 3 and 6 as shown.

The tower-head H Rods or long bolts l0` kshaft S, with lubricatinggrooves' I3 extending therefrom outwardly as shown in Fig. 2. From theupper ends of the legs rise vert-ical L extensions 7, preferablyintegral with the legs though not following their inward inclination,

and which extensions are reduced so as'to` form shoulders 8. ifourpieces mortised into each other at the corners, its size being justsucient to closely 14 is a frame composed of embrace the four extensionsbut its height or thickness slightly less than the length of said Iextensions.

15 is anothercross-shaped block secured upon the frame and receiving theupper extremities of the extensions, this block ,also havinglubricant-grooves 16, a central hole I7, and preferably anti-frictionwheels 18 `set in recesses inits upper face.

The main shaft S.-Atubular shaft 20 distance andncarrying a bevel gear'21 within the tower, and also extending above for some To this shaft isrigidly secured a spider 22 having a flat lower face which rests uponthe anti-friction wheels 18 to support the ventire shaft and mechanismcarried thereby. Withinthe shaft islocated a rod 23 capable of verticalmovementand connected at its upper. end with wires or chains which leadthrough lateral holes 24 in the shaft to the trippers as describedbelow. The lower end of this rod has an enlarged head 25 which enters aswivel-yoke 26, and to this yoke is connected the rod or wire9 known asthe regulator wire which passes down through Yholes in the bars 3 and 6to within IOO reach of the operator on the ground, #and by which the rod23 may be drawn down within` the shaft even while the latter is inmotion.

The gearing G.3O 30 are suitable boxes supported by the tower and withinwhich is located a shaft 31 capable of turning and slidinglongitudinally in the boxes, and 32 is a bevel gear keyed on this shaftand adapted to engage the gear 21 on the main shaft. 33 is a crank-pinin the bevel gear 32, which pin is connected by a pitman rod 34 with thepumprod 4. 35 is a lever pivoted at 36 to the tower and having a forkedend 37 loosely engaging a groove 3S in the shaft 3l, and 39 is ahandlever located near the ground, pivoted to the tower, and connectedwith the forked lever 35 in any suitable manner, as by cords 0r chains39' passing over pulleys 38 as shown--the arrangement being such that byoperating the hand-lever the forked lever may be moved to throw thebevel gear 32 into or out of mesh with the bevel gear 21 on the mainshaft and thus to stop or start the reciprocation of the pu mp-rod asdesired but without stopping the motion of the wind-wheel. Obviously thepitman rod is loosely pivoted in order to permit the movement of theshaft 3l as described.

The ri/ncl 'wheel W-4O are radial arms secured to and projecting fromthe spider 22, and 40 are other radial arms also projecting from,another spider 22 on the main shaft and above that lettered 22-therebeing about six pairs of these arms with the upper of each4 pairstanding above the lower. Each pair of arms carries a blade 41 securedto a shaft 42 which is journaled in the outer ends of its arms and has awheel 43 on its lower end.

Around this wheel passes a chain or cord 44,V

which leads through eyes 44 along the lower arm, then up through a hole44 in said arm, and then through one of the lateral holes 24 in thetubular main shaft to the rod 23 to which it is connected in anysuitable manner. All the cords 44 are wound in the same direction aroundtheir respective wheels 43, and that direction is such that, when theregulator wire is drawn upon, the blades will all be caused to swinginward to and pass through between their respective arms 40 and 40',whereas at other times the force of the wind will move the blades in theopposite direction. Through each upper arm 40' is a hole 45 at a properpoint to receive the tip of an L- shaped tripper 46; and to the innerface of the foot of such tripper is secured a spring finger 46 whichnormally stands at such distance from said tip as to prevent the latterpassing through said hole when the t'ripper has been raised sufficientlyby the regulator to be described below. 47 is a tripper-lever pivotedbetween its ends to the upper arm 40 ,its inner end standing in positionto bear the linger toward the foot, and its outer end being connected bya contractile spring 47 with the upper arm farther out, which springholds this lever normally out of operative position. The outer end ofthe lever is cony this purpose.

The regulator R.-50 is a collar sliding loosely on the main shaft abovethe upper spider, and 50 are eyes in this collar connected by wires orchains 51 with eyes 46 at the angles of the trippers. These wires mayhave turn-buckles 51 for adjusting them in length, or other means may beprovided for As the collar rises and the trippers are drawn up, theirinner ends 46 slide inwardly through staples 46 on the upper spider 22',and when the tripper-levers are operated, this motion is reversed. 22"is the uppermost spider carried at the extreme upper end of the mainshaft and having radial arms 52 each provided with a radial slot y armswhose outer ends are weighted as at 57 and whose inner ends are hookedupward as at 58 so as to pass between the ears, into the slots, andunder the staples; and the bodies of these arms are connected by chainsor wires 59 with eyes 59 on the collar O-other means being also hereemployed, if desired,

` for adjusting the length of the wires.

The operation: Figure 4 shows the blades in full lines in operativeposition with the wind blowing in the direction of the arrow l -A- andthe wheel turning in the direction lof the arrow -B--.

At this timethe regulator entire will rotate with the main shaft,

If the To stop is moved and the shaft 3l slides with the gear 32 untilthe latter is disengaged from ;the gear 21, when the machinery will cometo rest, but the wheel will continue to revolve. Reconnection may bemade by moving the hand-lever in the opposite direction. while theswivel-yoke 26 permits the rod 23 to turn without twisting the regulatorwire. As the wind increases in force, the weighted Meanends of theregulator arms are thrown outward by centrifugal force, and the wires 59`draw the collar upward. upon the chains 51 and the feet of the trippersare raised. When they have risen far 2 enough to disengage from behindthe upper edges of the blades, the spring-fingers 46 This motion drawspass through the holes 45 and spring inwardly jupon the upper arms 40(the tension on the chains 51 assisting) and the trippers also slip attheir inner ends through the staples 46,

so that the trippers are supported' in elevated position and the bladesare allowed to swing clear into the wind as seen in dotted lines in IDOIIO

IZO

Fig. 4. The wind-wheel then comes to rest and the governor falls. If thewires 5l have the turn-buckles 5l as shown in dotted lines, the lengthof such wires may be so adjusted that as the governor arms'rise, rst oneor one pair of blades will be freed, then another, and finally all.Hence, as less and less blades are exposed to the wind, the Wheel willmove more and more slowly, and a hurricane would free even the lastpair. .After the wind wheel has come to rest, and it becomes desirableto have it resume its rotation, the operator draws on the regulatorwire. This moves the rod 23 downward, draws on the several cords orchains 44, and---byv reason of their reverse winding onthe whee1s43 ofthe bladeshafts causes the blades to be drawn inward to and throughbetween the arms 22 and 22.V Meanwhile the cords or chains 48 are yalsodrawing on the tripper-levers 47; and, justas the blades have passedinto position,.these levers bear against the fingers 46 and pressthemtoward the tripper-feet so that they pass down by gravity into andthrough the holes 45 and their tips engage the upper edges of the bladesto hold them in operative position. The wheel then resumes itsrotation,` and the operation continues as above described.

1. Ina windmill, the combination with a support, and a vertical shaft journaled therein; of arms on said shaft arranged radial thereto and inpairs, wings secured to shafts' which are journaled in said arms, wheelson said shafts, cords Wound in corresponding di-V rections on saidwheels and connected with a common cord leading to the ground, trippersin said arms for preventing the turning of the wings in one direction,and means substantially as described for raising said trippers, asl andfor the purpose set forth.

2. In a windmill, the combination with a support, and anupright shaft journaled therein and carrying a frame ;V of shafts journaled in saidframe and carrying wings, Wheels on said shafts, cords wound incorresponding directions on said wheels and, connected with a commoncord leading to the ground, trippers on said frame adapted to preventthe turning of the wings, a governor for automatically raising saidtrippers out of engagement with the wings when the speed of rotation ofthe wheel'increases,and means substantially as described for loweringthem again from the ground, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a windmill, the combination with a support, an upright shaftjournaled therein and carrying a frame, shafts journaled in the outerends of said frame and having blades, wheels on said shafts, and cordswound in November, A. D.

corresponding directions on `said wheels and connected to a'common cordleading tothe. ground; of trippers on said frame adapted when lowered toprevent the turning of said wings, spring ngers on the trippers holdingthem raised, levers engaging said fingers, cords connecting said leverswith said commoncord, and means substantially as described for raisingsaid trippers, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a Windmill, the combination with an upright rotatable shaftcarrying a frame, shafts journaled in said frame alidhaving blades, acord leading to the ground, and connections between this cord and theshafts fork turning the latter in one direction; of trippers on saidframe adapted when lowered to yprevent the'turning of said blades,springingers for holding the trippers raised, levers for moving saidfingers, cords connecting said 1evers with the ground-cord, acentrifugal governor on said main shaft, and cords connect-` ing thegovernor with the trippers for raising thelatter, as and for the purposeset forth.

5. In a windmill, the combination with a pair of arms one of which has ahole, a shaft journaled in said arms and carrying a blade, and means forturning said shaft in one direction;y of an L-shaped tripper whose footpasses through said hole and is adapted to engage the blade, a springlinger secured under the foot and adapted to hold its tip out ofengagement with the blade, means for drawpi ing said foot from the hole,a lever pivoted between its ends .tothe arm, its inner end standingadjacent said finger Aand its outer end being connected by a contractilespring with the arm, anda cord leading from said outer end to theground, as and forthevp'urfy pose set forth. v

6. In a windmill, the combination with an arm having a hole, a bladeswingingY in the plane of and beneath said arm, an L-shaped tripperwhose foot passes through the hole and engages the blade, and means forsupporting the foot or lowering it at will; of a staple at the inner endof'the arm through which the shank oft the tripper slides loosely, acollar moving from said arm at one end thereof, and a cord connectingthe collar with VI O0 the angle of thel tripper, as and` for` the pur-Ipose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my signature on this the7th day of A CHRIST J.'LoNN1NG.

Witnesses: s

OVE. O. ANDERSEN, D. J. VINJE.

